Treatment of river water using modular gravity-driven ultrafiltration (GDU) for individual contingency water supply

Abstract In this work, hollow fibre ultrafiltration (UF) membrane operating under gravitational force were used to treat Escherichia coli bloomed water as well contaminated surface water. The biofouling propensity of the UF was investigated. results showed that after single filtration using gravitational-driven unit, E. cells accumulated on and gave fair rejection 86.35–90.22% for initial concentrations 5,000 10,000 MPN/ 100 mL, respectively. On other hand, double GDU unit (filtration in series) could enhance removal up 97.70–99.03% based cell MPN/100 For river feed, it found permeate is free pathogenic cells. No significant second unit. Although there ten-fold flux decrement by a module able polish potable quality. be cleaned simple backwash recovered 94%. overall, study has demonstrated potential remove pathogens from